The English parliament's Petition of Right emphasizes the right of the citizen to be protected from royal tyranny. Charles I demands ship money to increase his revenue, albeit in the absence of its conventional justification - a crisis of national defence.
Cavalier is now in use as a term of abuse for supporters of the royal cause. Go to cavalier in Oxford Dictionary of English 3 ed. Roundhead is now in use as a term of abuse for supporters of parliament.
Go to Roundhead noun in Oxford Dictionary of English 3 ed. Under pressure from parliament, Charles I signs the death warrant of his most powerful supporter, the earl of Strafford. Charles I comes in person to the House of Commons, but fails in his attempt to arrest the Five Members whom he accuses of treason.
After a trial lasting a week in Westminster Hall, Charles I is convicted of treason for fighting a war against parliament. Charles I is beheaded on a scaffold erected in the street in London's Whitehall. Parliament chooses Oliver Cromwell to chair the new English Commonwealth's council of state.
Cromwell is appointed Lord Protector of the Commonwealth for life, under legislation entitled the Instrument of Government. Cromwell dies after naming his son Richard to succeed him in the office of Lord Protector.
General George Monck marches south from Scotland to London, to intervene in England's unresolved political crisis. Charles II lands at Dover and is given a warm welcome in London four days later.
The duke of York, heir to the English and Scottish thrones, is secretly received into the Roman Catholic church. James II succeeds to the throne in Britain and immediately introduces pro-Catholic policies.
Go to Bill of Rights in World Encyclopedia 1 ed. The Act of Settlement declares that no Catholic may inherit the English crown. Go to Settlement, Act of in World Encyclopedia 1 ed. Go to Anne — in World Encyclopedia 1 ed. The Act of Union merges England and Scotland as 'one kingdom by the name of Great Britain', a century after the union of the crowns. Go to George I — in World Encyclopedia 1 ed. A Jacobite uprising in Scotland on behalf of the Old Pretender ends in fiasco.
Charles Edward Stuart marches as far south as Derby, but then turns back. Go to Union, Acts of in World Encyclopedia 1 ed. On the death of Princess Charlotte, not one of seven princes has an heir to succeed to the British throne in the next generation. The British king George III dies after 59 years on the throne — a longer reign than any of his predecessors.
The death of the last infant cousin senior to her in the royal succession makes Victoria heir to the British throne. Go to Victoria — in World Encyclopedia 1 ed. The year-old Victoria comes to the throne in Britain, beginning the long Victorian era. In the Bedchamber Crisis, Queen Victoria shows steely determination in refusing to dismiss politically committed ladies of her bedchamber.
Victoria marries Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha and soon, with nine children, they provide the very image of the ideal Victorian family. Prince Albert dies of typhoid, plunging Victoria into forty years of widowhood and deep mourning. India becomes the 'jewel in the crown' of Queen Victoria when Benjamin Disraeli secures for her the title Empress of India.
Queen Victoria's golden jubilee brings her back into the public's affection. Diamond Jubilee bonfires and fireworks all round Britain celebrate Victoria's sixty years on the throne. Edward VII dies in London, after just nine years on the throne. The British monarch George V holds a great durbar in Delhi to celebrate his coronation as emperor of India.
George V reads on radio a Christmas address written by Rudyard Kipling , beginning an annual royal tradition. Go to George V b. Go to Wallis Simpson, duchess of Windsor b.
Go to George VI b. Go to Elizabeth II b. Go to Elizabeth — in World Encyclopedia 1 ed. All Rights Reserved. Under the terms of the licence agreement, an individual user may print out a PDF of a single entry from a reference work in OR for personal use for details see Privacy Policy and Legal Notice.
Oxford Reference. Publications Pages Publications Pages. Recently viewed 0 Save Search. Your current browser may not support copying via this button. Read More. Year Event On his death bed in Westminster, Edward the Confessor designates Harold - foremost among England's barons - as his successor.
See this event in other timelines: Britain 11th century 12th century Politics Dynasties and royalty British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain. See this event in other timelines: Britain 14th century Politics Dynasties and royalty Terrorism and assassination Scotland British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain.
See this event in other timelines: 14th century 15th century Politics Dynasties and royalty British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain. See this event in other timelines: Britain 14th century 15th century Politics Dynasties and royalty Protest and rebellion Wales British Isles Europe Rulers and politicians Britain. See this event in other timelines: 19th century Victorian era Britain Politics Conquest and colonization Great Britain - from United Kingdom - from British Isles British empire European empires from Mughal empire British prime ministers - from Europe Empires Rulers and politicians Britain.
See this event in other timelines: s 20th century Politics Dynasties and royalty British empire European empires from Asia South Asia India the subcontinent India republic Europe Empires Rulers and politicians.
See this event in other timelines: s 20th century Politics Dynasties and royalty Great Britain - from United Kingdom - from British Isles British prime ministers - from Europe Rulers and politicians Britain.
All rights reserved. Sign in to annotate. Buried at Fontevraud, France. He also built a chapel on the site of the present Albert Memorial Chapel, and the adjoining cloister and also the tower now known as the Henry III Tower.
Buried at Westminster Abbey. He was routed at Bannockburn, and murdered in Berkeley Castle. Buried at Gloucester. He pulled down a great part of the old Castle and rebuilt it on stronger lines. Ultimately deposed. Died mysteriously in Pontefract Castle. Buried first at Kings Langley, afterwards Westminster Abbey.
Orthodox, devout, son of John of Gaunt, and twice married. Buried at Canterbury. Married Katherine of France. Founder of Eton College. Murdered in the Tower of London. Built the Choir of St. George's Chapel and commenced the Nave. Buried at Windsor in St George's Chapel. See Richard III, below. Buried first at Tower of London, afterwards at Westminster. For centuries the whereabouts of his human remains was unknown. There is a memorial plaque in Leicester Cathedral where it was thought that he may have been buried, but that his body was moved during the Dissolution of the Monasteries.
Another tradition had it that his body was thrown into the nearby River Soar, which means it could have ended up anywhere. The mystery was finally solved when in August his remains were discovered under a car park in the city of Leicester. There is more information here. Thrifty, shrewd, his marriage united the Houses of Lancaster and York.
Completed the Nave of St. George's Chapel. Also erected personal apartments in the Upper Ward. Buried at Westminster. Born on the 28th June , Henry was an impressive and shrewd man, yet selfish. Henry desperately wanted a son and heir and this led to the creation of the Church of England as a result of his long running disputes with the Catholic Church and the Pope in Rome over his right to divorce two of his six wives.
Henry declared himself Supreme Head of the Church of England and was responsible for the dissolution of the monasteries. He also founded the Royal Armouries in at Greenwich Palace. He is buried in St. George's Chapel at Windsor Castle. One of his favourite ships, the Mary Rose , was lifted from the bottom of the Solent in the s and is now on display at Portsmouth. Executed at The Tower aged Erected a large number of the houses now occupied by the Military Knights.
Saw England rise to be a first class power. Elizabeth built the North Terrace and the Gallery overlooking it. Charles I executed at Whitehall, London. Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector, Knew defeat, exile and poverty. Married Portuguese princess, Catherine of Braganza. Charles was responsible for many improvements in the Castle, restoring and finely decorating the State Apartments.
He also created the East and South Terraces, c. The king was a keen geographer and had learned to read a compass from the Venetian explorer Sebastian Cabot. But one of the other captains, Richard Chancellor, found himself in Russia, where the letter was delivered to Ivan the Terrible and opened trade between England and Russia.
She had been named Edward's successor in a bid to keep Protestant control of England. Despite her youth, she was exceptionally well read and spoke Latin, Hebrew, and Italian. Her "reign" which historians still debate lasted just nine days; she was deposed by Mary I—a. Bloody Mary—on July 19, , and was eventually executed in February Mary had two female court jesters , one of whom was named Lucretia the Tumbler.
Elizabeth I had effigies of foreign dignitaries and other guests to her court made out of gingerbread. James I kept an elephant in St. It was given a gallon of wine to drink every morning during the winter. Charles I remains the only English monarch ever to be executed. After he was beheaded on January 30, , his head was sewn back onto his body before he was buried. Charles II wore an enormous pair of high-heeled shoes to his coronation.
They can be seen in his official coronation portrait. These two are the only official joint monarchs to have ruled Britain although some consider Mary I and Phillip II to have also been joint monarchs.
William outlived Mary by eight years: she died of smallpox in , while he died of an infection after breaking his collarbone falling from his horse in This monarch's body was so swollen when she died she had to be buried in a square coffin.
Because they contain saltpeter potassium nitrate which can be used to make gunpowder, George I allegedly declared all pigeon droppings to be the property of the crown. The last British monarch to lead his own troops into battle was George II at the battle of Dettingen in He did, however, have blue urine —which has been ascribed to either porphyria or, more recently, to the medication his doctors were giving him.
0コメント