Norepinephrine, on the other hand, is used to treat dangerously low blood pressure. In addition, medications that increase norepinephrine can help with ADHD and depression. Low levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine can contribute to a variety of physical and mental conditions, including:. Chronic stress, poor nutrition, and taking certain medications, such as methylphenidate Ritalin , can make your less sensitive to epinephrine and norepinephrine.
These factors can also cause your body to start producing less epinephrine and norepinephrine. Some medical conditions cause people to have too much epinephrine, norepinephrine, or both.
These include:. Ongoing stress can also cause high levels of both epinephrine and norepinephrine. Epinephrine and norepinephrine are very similar neurotransmitters and hormones. While epinephrine has slightly more of an effect on your heart, norepinephrine has more of an effect on your blood vessels. Getting a shot of emergency epinephrine as quickly as possible can save your life — but what should you do afterward?
Many say our modern lifestyle wears out our adrenal glands, and swear adrenal extracts are the answer. Are they right or wrong? Stroke and heart attack are medical emergencies. Recognizing the symptoms can help you quickly receive the correct treatment. Experts say there are a number of ways to make it easier to go to bed at a proper time, including when you exercise and when you eat. Left bundle branch block is a condition in which there's slowing along the electrical pathway to your heart's left ventricle.
Ejection fraction is a test that's used to determine the percentage of blood that leaves your left ventricle each time your heart beats. A new study of over 2. Experts say middle-aged people with iron deficiency have a higher risk of heart disease later. Dispose of any medication that is damaged or should otherwise not be used and be sure to have a replacement available.
Unneeded medications should be disposed of in special ways to ensure that pets, children, and other people cannot consume them. However, you should not flush this medication down the toilet. Instead, the best way to dispose of your medication is through a medicine take-back program. It is important to keep all medication out of sight and reach of children as many containers such as weekly pill minders and those for eye drops, creams, patches, and inhalers are not child-resistant and young children can open them easily.
To protect young children from poisoning, always lock safety caps and immediately place the medication in a safe location — one that is up and away and out of their sight and reach.
In case of overdose, call the poison control helpline at If the victim has collapsed, had a seizure, has trouble breathing, or can't be awakened, immediately call emergency services at Do not let anyone else take your medication. If you use a prefilled automatic injection device, be sure to get a replacement right away. Ask your pharmacist any questions you have about refilling your prescription.
It is important for you to keep a written list of all of the prescription and nonprescription over-the-counter medicines you are taking, as well as any products such as vitamins, minerals, or other dietary supplements. You should bring this list with you each time you visit a doctor or if you are admitted to a hospital. It is also important information to carry with you in case of emergencies.
Generic alternatives may be available. Epinephrine Injection pronounced as ep'' i nef' rin. Why is this medication prescribed? How should this medicine be used? Other uses for this medicine What special precautions should I follow?
What side effects can this medication cause? What should I know about storage and disposal of this medication? Brand names. Other uses for this medicine. What special precautions should I follow?
Before using epinephrine injection, tell your doctor and pharmacist if you are allergic to epinephrine, any other medications, sulfites, or any of the other ingredients in epinephrine injection.
While these compounds have similar chemical structures, they produce different effects on the body. Epinephrine is also known as adrenaline, while some people refer to norepinephrine as noradrenaline. In this article, we discuss the similarities and differences between epinephrine and norepinephrine, along with their functions. We also cover their medical uses and the health effects of having too much or too little of either compound in the body. Hormones are chemical messengers that travel through the bloodstream.
Neurotransmitters are also a type of chemical messenger, but they only occur in nerve cells and travel across synapses, which are junctions where two nerve fibers meet.
Nerves cells produce neurotransmitters in response to electrical impulses. The adrenal medulla, the inner portion of the adrenal gland, regulates and secretes both epinephrine and norepinephrine in response to stress and other imbalances in the body, such as low blood pressure.
Epinephrine activates both alpha- and beta-adrenoreceptors in cells, whereas norepinephrine mainly stimulates alpha-adrenoreceptors. When the brain perceives danger, the amygdala triggers the hypothalamus to activate the autonomic nervous system. Signals from the autonomic nervous system stimulate the adrenal gland to start pumping epinephrine into the bloodstream. People often refer to this surge of epinephrine as an adrenaline rush or the fight or flight response.
Epinephrine affects the heart, lungs, muscles, and blood vessels. Its release into the bloodstream brings about several physiological changes, such as:.
The adrenal medulla produces norepinephrine in response to low blood pressure and stress. Norepinephrine promotes vasoconstriction, which is a narrowing of the blood vessels, and this increases blood pressure. A rare condition called genetic dopamine beta-hydroxylase deficiency prevents the body from converting dopamine into norepinephrine.
According to a article , genetic dopamine beta-hydroxylase deficiency results from a mutation in the norepinephrine transporter gene gc. The authors concluded that this condition might decrease sympathetic nerve activity and increase the risk of damage to the heart and blood vessels.
Low levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine can result in physical and mental symptoms, such as:. In addition, norepinephrine plays a role in focus and promotes periods of sustained attention. Low levels of norepinephrine may contribute to the development of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ADHD.
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